Scientific American Magazine

Looking for Life in the Multiverse ( Preview )
Universes with different physical laws might still be habitable
By Alejandro Jenkins and Gilad Perez
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Key Concepts
Multiple other universes—each with its own laws of physics—may have emerged from the same primordial vacuum that gave rise to ours.
Assuming they exist, many of those universes may contain intricate structures and perhaps even some forms of life.
These findings suggest that our universe may not be as “finely tuned” for the emergence of life as previously thought.
More from the Magazine
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Critical Mass The Nuclear Doomsday Clock Still Ticks
Letters to the Editors Readers Respond on the "Origin of Computing"
Recommended Recommended: Secrets of the Universe: How We Discovered the Cosmos
Buy the Digital Edition
The typical Hollywood action hero skirts death for a living. Time and again, scores of bad guys shoot at him from multiple directions but miss by a hair. Cars explode just a fraction of a second too late for the fireball to catch him before he finds cover. And friends come to the rescue just before a villain’s knife slits his throat. If any one of those things happened just a little differently, the hero would be hasta la vista, baby. Yet even if we have not seen the movie before, something tells us that he will make it to the end in one piece.
In some respects, the story of our universe resembles a Hollywood action movie. Several physicists have argued that a slight change to one of the laws of physics would cause some disaster that would disrupt the normal evolution of the universe and make our existence impossible. For example, if the strong nuclear force that binds together atomic nuclei had been slightly stronger or weaker, stars would have forged very little of the carbon and other elements that seem necessary to form planets, let alone life. If the proton were just 0.2 percent heavier than it is, all primordial hydrogen would have decayed almost immediately into neutrons, and no atoms would have formed. The list goes